The Concept Of Biosensor

Biosensors are an interdisciplinary subject that organically combines bioactive materials (enzymes, proteins, DNA, antibodies, antigens, biofilms, etc.) with physical and chemical transducers. They are an advanced detection and monitoring method that is essential for the development of biotechnology, and are also a rapid, trace analysis method at the molecular level of substances. Various biosensors have the following common structure: including one or several related bioactive materials (biofilms) and physical or chemical transducers (sensors) that can convert signals expressed by biological activity into electrical signals. The two are combined together, and modern microelectronics and automated instrumentation technology are used to reprocess biological signals to form various biosensor analysis devices, instruments and systems that can be used.
Principle of biosensor
The substance to be measured enters the bioactive material through diffusion, undergoes molecular recognition, and undergoes biological reactions. The information generated is then converted into quantifiable and processable electrical signals by the corresponding physical or chemical transducers, and then amplified and output by secondary instruments, so that the concentration of the substance to be measured can be known.
Classification of biosensors
According to the classification of the life substances used in their receptors, they can be divided into: microbial sensors, immune sensors, tissue sensors, cell sensors, enzyme sensors, DNA sensors, etc.
According to the principle of sensor device detection, it can be divided into: thermal biosensor, field effect tube biosensor, piezoelectric biosensor, optical biosensor, acoustic channel biosensor, enzyme electrode biosensor, mediator biosensor, etc.
According to the type of interaction between biological sensitive substances, it can be divided into affinity type and metabolic type.